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sanad ibn Ali (-864) (Astronomers and astrologers)
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Sadr al-Shari'a al-Asghar (d. 747/1346-1347) (Astronomers and astrologers)
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Ali Qushji (1403-1474) (Astronomers and astrologers)
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Ahmad Khani (1650-1707) (Astronomers and astrologers)
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Ibrahim al-Fazari (-777) (Astronomers and astrologers)
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Muhammad al-Fazari (-796 or 806) (Astronomers and astrologers)
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Al-Khwarizmi, Mathematician (780-850 CE) (Astronomers and astrologers)
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Abu Ma'shar al-Balkhi (Albumasar) (787-886 CE) (Astronomers and astrologers)
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Al-Farghani (800/805-870) (Astronomers and astrologers)
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Banū Mūsā (Ben Mousa) (9th century) (Astronomers and astrologers)
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Dīnawarī (815-896) (Astronomers and astrologers)
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Al-Majriti (d. 1008 or 1007 CE) (Astronomers and astrologers)
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Al-Battani (858-929 CE) (Albatenius) (Astronomers and astrologers)
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Al-Farabi (872-950 CE) (Abunaser) (Astronomers and astrologers)
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Abd Al-Rahman Al Sufi (903-986) (Astronomers and astrologers)
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Abu Sa'id Gorgani (9th century) (Astronomers and astrologers)
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Kushyar ibn Labban (971-1029) (Astronomers and astrologers)
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Abū Ja'far al-Khāzin (900-971) (Astronomers and astrologers)
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Al-Mahani (8th century) (Astronomers and astrologers)
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Al-Marwazi (9th century) (Astronomers and astrologers)
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Al-Nayrizi (865-922) (Astronomers and astrologers)
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Al-Saghani (-990) (Astronomers and astrologers)
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Al-Farghani (9th century) (Astronomers and astrologers)
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Abu Nasr Mansur (970-1036) (Astronomers and astrologers)
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Abū Sahl al-Qūhī (10th century) (Kuhi) (Astronomers and astrologers)
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Abu-Mahmud al-Khujandi (940-1000) (Astronomers and astrologers)
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Abū al-Wafā' al-Būzjānī (940-998) (Astronomers and astrologers)
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Ibn Yunus (950-1009) (Astronomers and astrologers)
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Ibn al-Haytham (965-1040) (Alhacen) (Astronomers and astrologers)
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Bīrūnī (973-1048) (Astronomers and astrologers)
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Avicenna (980-1037) (Ibn Sīnā) (Astronomers and astrologers)
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Abū Ishāq Ibrāhīm al-Zarqālī (1029-1087) (Arzachel) (Astronomers and astrologers)
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Omar Khayyám (1048-1131) (Astronomers and astrologers)
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Al-Khazini (fl. 1115-1130) (Astronomers and astrologers)
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Ibn Bajjah (1095-1138) (Avempace) (Astronomers and astrologers)
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Ibn Tufail (1105-1185) (Abubacer) (Astronomers and astrologers)
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Nur Ed-Din Al Betrugi (-1204) (Alpetragius) (Astronomers and astrologers)
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Averroes (1126-1198) (Astronomers and astrologers)
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Al-Jazari (1136-1206) (Astronomers and astrologers)
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Sharaf al-Dīn al-Tūsī (1135-1213) (Astronomers and astrologers)
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Anvari (1126-1189) (Astronomers and astrologers)
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Mo'ayyeduddin Urdi (-1266) (Astronomers and astrologers)
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Nasir al-Din Tusi (1201-1274) (Astronomers and astrologers)
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Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi (1236-1311) (Astronomers and astrologers)
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Shams al-Dīn al-Samarqandī (1250-1310) (Astronomers and astrologers)
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Ibn al-Shatir (1304-1375) (Astronomers and astrologers)
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Shams al-Dīn Abū Abd Allāh al-Khalīlī (1320-1380) (Astronomers and astrologers)
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Jamshīd al-Kāshī (1380-1429) (Astronomers and astrologers)
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Ulugh Beg (1394-1449) (Astronomers and astrologers)
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Taqi al-Din Muhammad ibn Ma'ruf (1526-1585) (Astronomers and astrologers)
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Ahmad Nahavandi (8th and 9th centuries) (Astronomers and astrologers)
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Haly Abenragel (10th and 11th century) (Astronomers and astrologers)
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Abolfadl Harawi (10th century) (Astronomers and astrologers)
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Mu'ayyad al-Din al-'Urdi (1200-1266) (Astronomers and astrologers)
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Ibn Sirin (654-728), author of work on dreams and dream interpretation (Biologists, neuroscientists, and psychologists)
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Al-Kindi (801-873) (Alkindus), pioneer of psychotherapy and music therapy (Biologists, neuroscientists, and psychologists)
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Ali ibn Sahl Rabban al-Tabari (9th century), pioneer of psychiatry, clinical psychiatry and clinical psychology (Biologists, neuroscientists, and psychologists)
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Ahmed ibn Sahl al-Balkhi (850-934), pioneer of mental health, medical psychology, cognitive psychology, cognitive therapy, psychophysiology and psychosomatic medicine (Biologists, neuroscientists, and psychologists)
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Al-Farabi (872-950) (Alpharabius), pioneer of social psychology and consciousness studies (Biologists, neuroscientists, and psychologists)
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Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi (936-1013) (Abulcasis), pioneer of neurosurgery (Biologists, neuroscientists, and psychologists)
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Ibn al-Haytham (965-1040) (Alhazen), founder of experimental psychology, psychophysics, phenomenology and visual perception (Biologists, neuroscientists, and psychologists)
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Al-Biruni (973-1050), pioneer of reaction time (Biologists, neuroscientists, and psychologists)
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Avicenna (980-1037) (Ibn Sīnā), pioneer of neuropsychiatry, thought experiment, self-awareness and self-consciousness (Biologists, neuroscientists, and psychologists)
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Ibn Zuhr (1094-1162) (Avenzoar), pioneer of neurology and neuropharmacology (Biologists, neuroscientists, and psychologists)
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Averroes, pioneer of Parkinson's disease (Biologists, neuroscientists, and psychologists)
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Ibn Tufail (1126-1198), pioneer of tabula rasa and nature versus nurture (Biologists, neuroscientists, and psychologists)
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Khalid ibn Yazid (-704) (Calid) (Chemists and alchemists)
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Jafar al-Sadiq (702-765) (Chemists and alchemists)
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Jābir ibn Hayyān (721-815) (Geber), father of chemistry (Chemists and alchemists)
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Abbas Ibn Firnas (810-887) (Armen Firman) (Chemists and alchemists)
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Al-Kindi (801-873) (Alkindus) (Chemists and alchemists)
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Al-Majriti (fl. 1007-1008) (Chemists and alchemists)
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Ibn Miskawayh (932-1030) (Chemists and alchemists)
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Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī (973-1048) (Chemists and alchemists)
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Avicenna (980-1037) (Chemists and alchemists)
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Al-Khazini (fl. 1115-1130) (Chemists and alchemists)
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Nasir al-Din Tusi (1201-1274) (Chemists and alchemists)
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Ibn Khaldun (1332-1406) (Chemists and alchemists)
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Al-Khwārizmī (780-850), algebra, mathematics (Chemists and alchemists)
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Abu Hanifa an-Nu‘man (699-767), Islamic jurisprudence scholar (Economists and social scientists)
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Abu Yusuf (731-798), Islamic jurisprudence scholar (Economists and social scientists)
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Al-Saghani (-990), one of the earliest historians of science (Economists and social scientists)
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Shams al-Mo'ali Abol-hasan Ghaboos ibn Wushmgir (Qabus) (d. 1012), economist (Economists and social scientists)
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Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī (973-1048), considered the "first anthropologist" and father of Indology (Economists and social scientists)
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Ibn Sīnā (Avicenna) (980-1037), economist (Economists and social scientists)
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Ibn Miskawayh (1030-), economist (Economists and social scientists)
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Al-Ghazali (Algazel) (1058-1111), economist (Economists and social scientists)
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Al-Mawardi (1075-1158), economist (Economists and social scientists)
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Nasīr al-Dīn al-Tūsī (Tusi) (1201-1274), economist (Economists and social scientists)
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Ibn al-Nafis (1213-1288), sociologist (Economists and social scientists)
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Ibn Taymiyyah (1263-1328), economist (Economists and social scientists)
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Ibn Khaldun (1332-1406), forerunner of social sciences such as demography, cultural history, historiography, philosophy of history, sociology and economics (Economists and social scientists)
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Al-Maqrizi (1364-1442), economist (Economists and social scientists)
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Al-Masudi, the "Herodotus of the Arabs", and pioneer of historical geography (Geographers and earth scientists)
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Al-Kindi, pioneer of environmental science (Geographers and earth scientists)
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al-Hamdani (Geographers and earth scientists)
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Ibn Al-Jazzar (Geographers and earth scientists)
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Al-Tamimi (Geographers and earth scientists)
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Al-Masihi (Geographers and earth scientists)
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Ali ibn Ridwan (Geographers and earth scientists)
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Muhammad al-Idrisi, also a cartographer (Geographers and earth scientists)
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Ahmad ibn Fadlan (Geographers and earth scientists)
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Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī, father of geodesy, considered the first geologist and "first anthropologist" (Geographers and earth scientists)
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Avicenna (Geographers and earth scientists)
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Abd al-Latif al-Baghdadi (Geographers and earth scientists)
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Averroes (Geographers and earth scientists)
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Ibn al-Nafis (Geographers and earth scientists)
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Ibn Jubayr (Geographers and earth scientists)
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Ibn Battuta (Geographers and earth scientists)
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Ibn Khaldun (Geographers and earth scientists)
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Piri Reis (Geographers and earth scientists)
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Evliya Çelebi (Geographers and earth scientists)
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Al-Kindi (Philosophers)
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Averroes (Philosophers)
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Muhammad ibn Zakariya al-Razi (Philosophers)
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Al-Farabi (Philosophers)
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Avicenna (Philosophers)
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Ibn Arabi (Philosophers)
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Rumi (Philosophers)
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Jami (Philosophers)
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Ibn Khaldun (Philosophers)
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Nasir al-Din al-Tusi (Philosophers)
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